Effect of plant growth regulator and explant types on in vitro callus induction of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr

Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr is a medicinal plant of Asteraceae. The plant is a potent compound as pharmaceutical raw material which can be increased through plant tissue culture. This study aimed to determine the effect of various combinations of plant growth regulator and explant types on induction callus. The explants used were leaf, stem node, stem internode and petiole while the plant growth regulator used were 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L BAP, 0.5 mg/L 2,4-D and 1.0 mg/L Kinetin, 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BAP, 5.0 mg/L 2,4 D and 0.5 mg/L BAP, 0.1 mg/L 2,4-D and 0.1 mg/L IAA. The explants were cultured in MS medium supplemented with 30% sucrose and 8% agar for 28 days. The results of this study indicated that the treatment of 0.5 mg/L NAA and 0.5 mg/L BAP on the petiole explants was the best combination of plant growth regulators to produce the highest callus fresh and dry weights (1478.1 mg and 40.0 mg respectively). Callus derived from leaf, petiole and internode explants was friable and compact in texture while node explant-derived callus was compact in texture.