Influence of combination of sucrose concentration and immersion frequency on biomass and flavonoid production of Gynura procumbens (Lour.) Merr Callus culture in temporary immersion bioreactor

The concentration of sucrose, in many cases could influence the production of biomass and secondary metabolite because sucrose is the main carbon source of metabolism, while liquid culture method has many advantages but has problems such as asphyxia and hyperhydricity because of long immersion. Temporary immersion bioreactor could solve problems by way of the immersion frequency. The study aimed to investigate the influence of combination sucrose concentration and immersion frequency on biomass and flavonoid production of Gynura procumbens in temporary immersion bioreactor. Callus was obtained from stem nodes and stem internodes that were grown in MS agar medium supplemented with 0.1 mg L-1 2.4-D (2.4 dichlorofenoxyaceticacid) and 0.1 mg L-1 IAA (indole acetic acid). In temporary immersion bioreactor (modification of RITA) calli were cultured in MS liquid medium supplemented with various concentration of sucrose (3%, 5%, and 7%) and immersion frequency of 15 min at 12 h interval and 5 min at 3 h interval. Cultures were maintained for 28 days. Results
showed that combination of sucrose 5% and immersion frequency of 15 min at 12 h interval produced the highest biomass, while the combination of sucrose 7% and immersion frequency of 15 min at 12 h interval produced the highest flavonoid